Isaiah
7:14 The
Book of Isaiah is often compared to
the Bible…
-The Bible has 66 books; Isaiah has 66 chapters
-The Old Testament has 39 books; the first section of Isaiah has 39 chapters
-The New Testament has 27 books; the second section of Isaiah has 27 chapters
-The Old Testament covers the history and sin of Israel, as
does Isaiah
1:1-39:8.
-The New Testament describes the person and ministry of
Jesus the Messiah, as does Isaiah 40:1-66:26.
-The New Testament begins with the ministry of John the
Baptist; the second section of Isaiah
(Isaiah
40:1-66:26) begins by predicting this ministry.
-The New Testament ends by referring to the new heavens and
the new earth (Revelation
21:1-3); Isaiah ends his
book by describing the very same things (Isaiah 66:22).
A copy of this book was found among the famous Dead Sea
scrolls in 1947 in cave 1 at Qumran. It was made up of 17 sheets, and each
sheet was 24 feet long by 10 inches. It was copied in the Second Century and
was amazingly similar to what we have today.
Isaiah himself prophesied during the reigns of five kings of
Judah, Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, Hezekiah and Manasseh (Isaiah 1:1).
Isaiah was married and had two sons (Isaiah 7:3; Isaiah 8:3), and according to
Jewish Talmudic tradition it is believed that his father, Amoz, was the brother
of King Amaziah of Judah (Succah 52b, Megillah 10b) and the “man of God” in 2 Chronicles 25:7–9 (Seder
Olam Rabbah 20), who warned King Amaziah to send home the 100,000
mercenaries from the Northern Kingdom that he hired for 100 talents of silver,
and that YHWH can give him much more than the 100 talents that he just wasted. If
the Jewish tradition is true, it would mean that Isaiah was a descendant of
David. Isaiah is quoted more times in the New Testament than any other Old
Testament prophet. Isaiah bridges Moses and the Messiah, for he proclaimed and
preached repentance to the lost, to the godless he preached the coming wrath of
YHWH, and to the small group of believers he preached the comforting message of
the coming Messiah. In context we see that Ahaz was in great danger, for the
king of Syria and the king of Israel (the Northern Kingdom) were united
together to come against Jerusalem (Isaiah 7:1-2). In Isaiah 7:3-9 we see that YHWH
sends Isaiah to King Ahaz to encourage him and let him know that YHWH would not
allow the Syria-Israel alliance to succeed and that Jerusalem will be
preserved. In Isaiah
7:10-12 we are told that the confirmation of YHWH protecting
Jerusalem was going to be by a sign that YHWH would give to Ahaz, and all Ahaz
had to do was ask for any sign that would confirm what YHWH said that the
alliance formed against him would not prosper. But Ahaz refused to ask for one,
because he did not believe what Isaiah had told him. In Isaiah 7:13-25 we see the
response of YHWH towards Ahaz. If Ahaz
had believed God’s promise, he would have broken his alliance and called the
nation to prayer and praise; but the king continued in his unbelief. Realizing
the weakness of the king’s faith, Isaiah offered to give a sign to encourage
him; but Ahaz put on a “pious front” and refused his offer. Knowing that he was
secretly allied with Assyria, how could Ahaz honestly ask the Lord for a
special sign? So, instead of speaking only to the king, Isaiah addressed the
whole “house of David” and gave the prophecy concerning “Immanuel”[1]
(Isaiah
7:13-15). The word for “sign”
in Isaiah 7:14
is the Hebrew word (H226 אוֹת ʾôwth, ōth[2])
and it means a signal, a miracle.[3]
Because Ahaz rejected the miraculous sign from YHWH, he was in effect rejecting
the One who sent Isaiah. This prophecy here in Isaiah 7:14 was written about 700
years before Jesus was born
What we will study this time in 700
Years in the Making…01. Born of
a Virgin (Isaiah
7:14); 02. Born a Jew (Isaiah 7:14);
and 03. Name is Immanuel (Isaiah 7:14).
01. Born of a
Virgin (Isaiah 7:14)
Isaiah
7:14
“virgin” H5959 עַלְמָה ʿalmâh, al-maw´; fem. of
5958; a lass (as veiled or private):—damsel, maid, virgin.[4] Some
people have argued that this word does not mean a virgin, but just a young
woman, often translated as “maiden” or “damsel” in some English Bibles (cf. NET
Bible; JPS Tanakh 1917; The Bible in Basic English; Common English Bible;
Complete Jewish Bible; Good News Translation; New Revised Standard, etc.) But
in the Greek Septuagint (LXX), the Greek word used here is the same Greek word
used by Matthew (Matthew
1:23) when he quotes Isaiah 7:14 under the inspiration of the Holy Spirit (2 Timothy
3:16-17). Matthew 1:23 “virgin” G3933 παρθένος parthĕnŏs, par-then´-os; of
unknown or.; a maiden; by implication
an unmarried daughter:—virgin.[5]
It speaks of one who has never engaged
in sexual intercourse, virgin, chaste person[6],
of a female of marriageable age with
focus on virginity.[7] This
word παρθένος (parthĕnŏs) was used by the Greeks
for the Parthenon, the Greek temple to the goddess Athena, whom the Greeks
characterized as being a virgin. In Matthew 1:18 and Matthew 1:25 we see
that Matthew puts an emphasis on the virgin birth by stating that Joseph and
Mary’s marriage was not consummated until after the birth of Jesus, which
affirms that the birth of Jesus fulfilled Isaiah’s prophecy (Isaiah 7:14;
cf. Matthew 1:21-23). We also see this in Luke 1:26–38, when the angel Gabriel came to
Mary to tell her that she will give birth to the Coming Messiah. Mary herself was confused, because she responded to this news
with, “How can
this be, since I do not know a man?” (Luke 1:34) The
original Greek here reads, “How can this be seeing I know not a man.” Mary
wasn’t married, but Mary was engaged or betrothed to
Joseph, and though they were legally married; they were not able to be with
each other in this way until the time of the betrothal was over. So Mary was
perplexed at how this was to be accomplished without breaking the Law of Moses,
and thus being stoned for her unfaithfulness (Deuteronomy 22:20-21). Usually a girl was engaged at 12
or 13 years old and married after a one-year betrothal period. Following the
example set by God in bringing a wife to Adam, the Jews did the same. The
father would make the arrangements for the marriage. The Betrothal/engagement was after the arrangements were made.
It was a formal ceremony that included the bride and the bridegroom, their
parents, and usually some other person. This
time was confirmed by oaths and accompanied by gifts to the bride and her
family. The gifts to the family were a dowry, or basically a payment for what
the family will be missing because she will no longer be helping them. After
this they would have a feast to celebrate. After
the Betrothal, they were now called husband and wife, but they still lived with
their parents for one whole year. They
were legally married but were not allowed to reap the benefits of being
married. In fact, only death or divorce could break up the betrothal. If the
betrothed husband died, the girl would be considered a widow. During this time, the bridegroom was then to prepare a place for
his bride, usually an addition to his parent’s house (cf. John 14:1-4). This waiting period of about one year was also to demonstrate the
faithfulness of the pledge of purity given concerning the bride. If she was to
end up being pregnant in this time period, she obviously was not pure, but had
been involved in a sexual relationship. By her unfaithfulness the marriage was then annulled and she would
be taken out and stoned for being unfaithful (Deuteronomy 22:20-21;
cf. John 7:53-8:11). But if during this one year waiting period the bride demonstrated
herself as being pure, the husband would get permission from his father that
the house was now ready (John 14:1-4). The husband then
would go to the house of the bride’s parents and in a grand processional march
lead his bride back to his home, have a seven day wedding feast and consummate
the marriage. Though she was a virgin at
the birth of Jesus, the Bible
tells us that Joseph and Mary had other kids (Matthew 12:46-47; Matthew 13:55;
Mark 6:2-3;
John 2:12;
Acts 1:14;
1
Corinthians 9:4-5; Galatians 1:19).
Here in Isaiah 7:14, Isaiah under the inspiration of the
Holy Spirit (2
Timothy 3:16-17) tells us that the Godly sign to the house of David
is going to be a virgin giving birth to God who is coming in human flesh, thus continuing
the first prophecy which is Genesis 3:15. Notice that it doesn’t say “Your
seed and Adams…”? Now we all learned that women have eggs and men
have seed, so why did the Holy Spirit have Moses use the masculine noun for “seed” here in Genesis 3:15? Because it is prophesying that
there will be a miraculous virgin birth! Remember that God said this
in Genesis
3:15 after Adam and Eve had sinned, allowing death to enter all of
creation. Though Adam and Eve were sentenced to die (Genesis 3:19; cf. Genesis 2:16-17),
God in His mercy gave a promise of redemption through the One who would be born
of a virgin (Genesis
3:15). He then
sacrificed an animal to cover Adam and Eve’s sin and nakedness (Genesis 3:21). Jesus
fulfilled this prophecy in Genesis 3:15, in that He was the only person
in history not conceived through the seed of a man (Matthew 1:23; Matthew 1:25;
Luke 1:27;
Luke 1:34). As you go on from Genesis, it was from this
very moment on that Satan was awaiting this virgin birth in order to kill this
virgin born Babe. This is
evidenced throughout time, as Satan has been constantly attacking the Jews, using
the Pharaoh while the children of Israel were in Egypt (Exodus 1:1-14:31), to the Amalekites (Exodus 17:8–16;
1 Samuel
30:1-31; Esther 3:1-10:3) to try to keep the Messiah from being born. Then as we speed through history, we see the
Nazi’s and Hitler, along with the present day Muslims who continue to try to
wipe out the Jewish people, all influenced by Satan to keep God’s promises to
Israel and the Second Coming of the Messiah from being fulfilled. Of
course Satan didn’t succeed, but he tried hard to prevent the virgin from
bearing a child.
About 600 years before Jesus, Jeremiah the prophet
prophesied the virgin birth as well in Jeremiah 31:22. The Jews have forever taught
that this meant that the Messiah (HaMashiach) would be virgin born…only later
have they applied this (and many other verses) to the nation of Israel. The
fact that the Messiah (HaMashiach) would be virgin born was a sign that He was
the Son of God (Luke
1:35).
Andy Stanley, son of
Charles Stanley and the “pastor” of North Point Community Church in Georgia,
who has suggested that the Bible includes historical inaccuracies and
once said, “It is next to impossible to defend the entire Bible.”[8]
In 2016, he opened his “sermon” by
stating “If somebody can predict their own death and then their own
resurrection, I’m not all that concerned about how they got into the world.”
And he later said, “Christianity doesn’t hinge on the truth or even the stories
around the Birth of Jesus.”[9]
Essentially he was saying that the virgin birth of Jesus was not important,
even though it is the first recorded event in the New Testament (Matthew 1:18). How
important is it that Jesus was born to a virgin? For if Jesus was not conceived
by the Holy Spirit (Luke
1:35), then He was conceived by the seed of man. The Bible says that
everyone born of Adam is born under the curse of Adam, inheriting Adam’s sin
nature (Romans 5:12;
1 Corinthians 15:21–22),
thus we could not call Jesus sinless and the Son of God. But because the Bible
records for us that He was conceived by the Holy Spirit (Luke 1:31-35), Jesus is perfect,
and when the angel said to Joseph that Jesus “will save His people from their sins” (Matthew 1:21) we
know that is true because He was virgin born! The Jews at this time all would
know that a virgin giving birth was in fulfillment of Isaiah 7:14 and Jeremiah 31:22,
and that it was a sign that the Messiah was now here! The fact that the Messiah
would be virgin born was a sign that He was the Son of God, for a virgin giving
birth is impossible unless it’s Divine! To deny the virgin birth is to deny the
Biblical proof that Jesus is both God (John 1:1; John
10:30; John
20:28; Romans 9:5; Philippians 2:6; Colossians 2:9;
Titus 2:13;
Hebrews 1:8;
2 Peter 1:2;
1 John 5:20)
and man (John
1:14; Romans 1:3; Galatians 4:4; Philippians 2:7-8; 1 Timothy 2:5;
Hebrews 2:14;
1 John 4:2;
2 John 7).
02. Born a Jew (Isaiah 7:14)
Isaiah
7:14 “bear a Son,” In Isaiah 9:6 we read that Isaiah gives a
prophecy, “For unto us a Child is born”,
that
the coming Messiah is going to be a man (Luke 1:35; Luke 2:8–14; John 1:10–18; 1 John 4:9–15).
He was to be born a Child. The implication, is that
this Child, a Son, was to be born
into the nation of Israel (“unto us” Isaiah 9:6) as one of the covenant people.[10] This Child is to be born for the benefit of the Jews first, and
then the Gentiles (compare “to you,” Luke 2:11).[11]
Micah 5:2 states where the Messiah (HaMashiach)
is to be born. This Bethlehem is about five miles South of Jerusalem, and its elevation is about
2,460 feet above sea level. There is another Bethlehem, also known as Bethlehem
of Zebulun (up by the Sea of Galilee), and mentioned in Joshua 19:15. Bethlehem of
Zebulun was closer to where Mary was living in Nazareth (Luke 2:4-7)[12], in fact it was about seven miles northwest of Nazareth. Bethlehem
Ephrathah was where Rachel, the wife of Jacob/Israel died (Genesis 35:19; Genesis 48:7).
Bethlehem Ephrathah was where Naomi, the mother in law of Ruth was from and
where they moved back to after living in Moab, as well as where Ruth met and
then married Boaz (Ruth 4:11), who became the great-grandparents
of David (Ruth
4:18-22). Bethlehem Ephrathah was where David’s family was from (Ruth 4:17;
Ruth 4:21-22;
1 Samuel 16:1;
1 Samuel 17:12;
1 Samuel 17:58;
1 Samuel 20:6;
John 7:42).
Bethlehem Ephrathah was also known as Bethlehem of Judea (Matthew 2:1). So because Joseph
was a direct descendant of Israel’s greatest king (Matthew 1:1-17; Luke 1:27),
he had to go to Bethlehem Ephrathah where his family was originally from to “because he was of the house
and lineage of David,” (Luke 2:4) “So all went to be registered, everyone to his own city.”
(Luke
2:3) Although Bethlehem Ephrathah was a small, unimportant village “little among the thousands of
Judah” (Micah 5:2),
God had said through his prophet Micah that it would produce a ruler in Israel “Yet out of you shall
come forth to Me The One to be Ruler in Israel, Whose goings forth are
from of old, From everlasting.” (Micah 5:2). It is interesting to
note that the only king of Israel that came from Bethlehem Ephrathah was David
(who died about 1015bc,
but Micah prophesied around 750bc), almost 300 years after David! So the
ruler prophesied by Micah who was going to be from Bethlehem Ephrathah could
not have been David, but the Messiah! We
see similar language as Isaiah 9:6
when the angels appeared to the priestly shepherds in the fields of Bethlehem, at Migdal Eder
watching the priestly flocks in Luke 2:8-14
when they declared “For
there is born to you this day in the city of David a Savior, who is Christ the
Lord.” (Luke
2:11) This “Migdal Eder” or “Tower of the Flock” was a watchtower
built for the protection of the flocks against robbers or animals or any thing
that could cause any harm to the flocks.
This “Migdal Eder” or “Tower of the Flock” is also mentioned
in Micah 4:8.
The Targumist applies these words to the
Messiah: ‘But thou, O Messiah, who art hidden because of the sins of the
congregation of Zion, the kingdom shall come unto thee.’[13]
According to Alfred Edersheim in his book The
Life And Times Of Jesus The Messiah, “This
Migdal Eder was not the watchtower for the ordinary flocks which pastured on
the barren sheepground beyond Bethlehem, but lay close to the town, on the road
to Jerusalem. A passage in the Mishnah (Shekalim
07.04) leads to the conclusion, that the flocks, which pastured
there, were destined for Temple-sacrifices, and, accordingly, that the shepherds, who watched over
them, were not ordinary shepherds…shepherds watched the
flocks destined for sacrificial services, in the very place consecrated by
tradition that where the Messiah was to be first revealed.”[14]
What Edersheim is saying is that these shepherds were not just your ordinary
shepherds. They were priestly shepherds who were educated in how the sheep had
to be so that they would qualify for the strict restrictions of the sacrificial
system. It was their job to make sure that none of the animals were hurt,
damaged, or blemished so that they could meet the strict demands of a sacrifice
that would be approved by God (Exodus 12:5; Leviticus 22:20-25; Deuteronomy 15:21;
Deuteronomy
17:1). It was said that the priests would come here to the Migdal
Eder to choose the two goats that would be used for the sacrifice on Yom
Kippur, the Day of Atonement. On the ground floor of the Migdal Eder,
there was a room was designated for the delivery and protection of these
special lambs after birth. After the lamb was born, the shepherds would
then wrap the newborn lambs in swaddling cloths to protect the body of the lambs,
so that later these same lambs could be offered as sacrifices in the Temple,
which was just about five miles away in Jerusalem. Wrapping the newborn lambs
in swaddling cloths was a way to literally keep the new lambs “without spot
or blemish” (Exodus 12:5; Leviticus 22:20-25; Deuteronomy 15:21;
Deuteronomy
17:1) and the shepherd would then lay the newborn lamb in a manger
until they had calmed down (cf. Luke 2:7). This manger was kept ceremonially
clean due to the fact that these lambs would one day be a sacrifice in the
Temple. These were the shepherds who the angels appeared to in Luke 2:8-14.
There is a little sign by the North side Rachel’s tomb in Bethlehem today that
says “Migdal Eder”.
Where were these sheep born? In Bethlehem, at Migdal Eder,
just like Jesus. Where were these sheep later sacrificed? In Jerusalem, just
like Jesus, who was crucified on Mt. Moriah, where David purchased the land
from Ornan (1 Chronicles 21:23-24),
and also where Solomon built the Temple (2 Chronicles
3:1). John the Baptist declared in John 1:29: “Behold! The Lamb of God who
takes away the sin of the world!” The Messiah was born in the same
place as these sheep, and He died in the same place as these sheep. He was born
so that He may die so that we may live (John 10:11; 2 Corinthians 5:21; 1 Peter 2:24; 1 Peter 3:18; 1 John 3:5). The birth of Jesus was at the
perfect God-ordained time, place and from a virgin so that we may live
eternally (Galatians
4:4; 1 John
4:9–10). John wrote that this virgin born Messiah was born a Jew in John 1:11.
03. Name is Immanuel (Isaiah 7:14)
Isaiah 7:14 “and shall call His name Immanuel.” Though Ahaz refused to request a sign that would have
confirmed the truth of Isaiah’s message (Isaiah 7:10-12), the prophet said God would
give him one anyway. The sign was to be a boy named Immanuel.[15]
Isaiah
7:14
“Immanuel” G6005 עִמָּנוּאֵל ʿImmânûwʾêl, im-maw-noo-ale´;
from 5973 and 410 with suffix pronoun inserted; with us (is) God; Immanuel.[16] This literally means God in our nature, God at peace with us, in covenant with
us! Again we see this in Matthew 1:23. It is
important that His name is “Immanuel”, because if He had not been Immanuel (God
with us), He could not have been Jesus the Saviour!
Luke
2:21 In
Luke 1:31
Gabriel told Mary that the name for the baby will be “Jesus” (Greek Ἰησοῦς Iēsŏus, ee-ay-sooce´[17]=yay-zooce), which is the Greek equivalent of
“Yehoshua” or Joshua in English, and “YHWH Saves” in Hebrew. The Jews changed
the name “Yehoshua” to “Yeshua” after the Babylonian captivity. The name
“Yeshua” seems to be influenced by the Aramaic language, but it is still
technically a Hebrew name. His
name says it all, that the Messiah (HaMashiach) came to save the lost (Matthew 1:21; Matthew
18:11; Matthew 20:28; Luke 19:10; John 1:29; John 12:47; Romans 5:6-10; 1 Timothy 1:15; Hebrews 7:25).
The angel of YHWH speaking to Joseph told him the name for
the Baby in Matthew
1:21.
1
Timothy 1:15
It was a tradition among the Jews to name the child at the
circumcision ceremony, and usually the name of the first-born son was given the
name of his father. He had to be Immanuel, God with us, God in our nature to be our Kinsman Redeemer to rescue us from the
clutches of sin. The writer
of Hebrews tells us that offering the sacrifices can never make us free from the
guilt of sin (Hebrews 10:1).
If the blood of animals would have been good enough,
the writer of Hebrews says that they would no longer have to offer sacrifices (Hebrews 10:2-4). All that the sacrifices did was to cover their sins; it
never took away the guilty conscience that is within man. We see a perfect
illustration of this after Adam and Eve sinned and that “YHWH God made tunics of skin, and clothed them.” (Genesis 3:21) The first shedding of blood is recorded in Genesis 3:21. But what we also see is God’s perfect plan of redemption
already laid out that there needs to be the shedding of blood to first cover
then to forgive us of our sins. This shedding of blood only covered them, later
when the Saviour came He completely forgave! Offering sacrifices reminded the Jews about how sinful they were.
The blood of animals was not sufficient because in
order for our sins to be completely forgiven and us to be redeemed, we need a
kinsman redeemer (Leviticus 25:25) foreshadowed
by Boaz, who was Ruth’s kinsman redeemer (Ruth 4:1-12; cf. Exodus 6:6;
Exodus 15:13;
Job 19:25;
Psalm 69:18;
Psalm 74:2;
Psalm 103:4;
Psalm 107:2;
Psalm 119:154;
Isaiah 35:9;
Isaiah 41:14;
Isaiah 43:14;
Isaiah 44:6;
Isaiah 47:4;
Isaiah 60:16;
Isaiah 62:12;
Jeremiah
50:34; Micah 4:10; Galatians 4:4).
You see, in order for us to be
redeemed (bought back) we need One who was a man like us to do the buying back.
Since an animal is not related to us, their sacrifice could only cover our
sin…but Jesus came as a man (John 1:14; Philippians 2:8; Hebrews 4:14–16)! Up
until the time before Jesus, the blood of the sacrifices only covered man’s
sins. But once Jesus died on the cross and rose from the dead on the third day,
He not only took our sins “As
far as the east is from the west, So far has He removed our transgressions
from us.” (Psalm
103:12), but He forgave us of our sins so that we can be reconciled
to God (Romans 5:10; 2 Corinthians 5:18–19; Ephesians 2:14–18; Colossians 1:19–23). So when our Kinsman Redeemer, Immanuel was on the
cross He said “It is
finished!” (John 19:30).
He said only one word in the Greek (G5055) Τετέλεσται and it literally means that everything has been accomplished. Notice
Jesus didn’t say, “I Am finished!” That’s what He did
on the cross for you and I. Finished is the work and it never needs to be done,
for our salvation is all a work of God and not a work of man! He
became sin for us, even though He was perfect (2 Corinthians 5:21)! Though
the Holy Spirit conceived Him, “Therefore, in all things He had to be made like His
brethren, that He might be a merciful and faithful High Priest in things pertaining
to God, to make propitiation for the sins of the people.” (Hebrews 2:17)
Here’s
a side to the Christmas story that isn’t often told: Those soft little hands,
fashioned by the Holy Spirit in Mary’s womb, were made so that nails might be
driven through them. Those baby feet, pink and unable to walk, would one day
walk up a dusty hill to be nailed to a cross. That sweet infant’s head with
sparkling eyes and eager mouth was formed so that someday men might force a
crown of thorns onto it. That tender body, warm and soft, wrapped in swaddling
clothes, would one day be ripped open by a spear. Jesus was born to die. — John MacArthur
[2] Strong, J. (2009). A
Concise Dictionary of the Words in the Greek Testament and The Hebrew Bible
(Vol. 2, p. 10). Bellingham, WA: Logos Bible Software.
[3] Strong, J. (2009). A
Concise Dictionary of the Words in the Greek Testament and The Hebrew Bible
(Vol. 2, p. 10). Bellingham, WA: Logos Bible Software.
[4] Strong, J. (2009). A
Concise Dictionary of the Words in the Greek Testament and The Hebrew Bible
(Vol. 2, p. 88). Bellingham, WA: Logos Bible Software.
[5] Strong, J. (2009). A
Concise Dictionary of the Words in the Greek Testament and The Hebrew Bible
(Vol. 1, p. 55). Bellingham, WA: Logos Bible Software.
[6] Arndt, W., Danker, F. W., & Bauer, W. (2000). A Greek-English lexicon of the New Testament
and other early Christian literature (3rd ed., p. 777). Chicago: University
of Chicago Press.
[7] Arndt, W., Danker, F. W., & Bauer, W. (2000). A Greek-English lexicon of the New Testament
and other early Christian literature (3rd ed., p. 777). Chicago: University
of Chicago Press.
[8]
http://northpointonline.tv/messages/who-needs-god/the-bible-told-me-so
[9]
http://northpoint.org/messages/who-needs-christmas/the-world
[11] Jamieson, R., Fausset, A. R., & Brown, D. (1997). Commentary
Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (Vol. 1, p. 440). Oak Harbor, WA: Logos Research
Systems, Inc.
[13] Blayney, B., Scott, T., & Torrey, R. A. with
Canne, J., Browne. (n.d.). The Treasury
of Scripture knowledge (Vol. 1, p.
571). London: Samuel Bagster and Sons.
[14] Edersheim, Alfred. The Life and Times of Jesus the Messiah
[Peabody; Hendrickson, 1993], Bk 2, Ch 6
[15] Martin, J. A. (1985). Isaiah. In J. F. Walvoord &
R. B. Zuck (Eds.), The Bible Knowledge
Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Vol. 1, p. 1047). Wheaton, IL:
Victor Books.
[16] Strong, J. (2009). A
Concise Dictionary of the Words in the Greek Testament and The Hebrew Bible
(Vol. 2, p. 88). Bellingham, WA: Logos Bible Software.
[17] Strong, J. (2009). A
Concise Dictionary of the Words in the Greek Testament and The Hebrew Bible
(Vol. 1, p. 37). Bellingham, WA: Logos Bible Software.
